Direct ELISA: In this type, the antigen of interest is immobilized, and a labelled primary antibody directly binds to it. The signal is directly proportional to the amount of antigen present.
Indirect ELISA: The antigen is immobilized, and a primary antibody specific to the target antigen is added. A secondary antibody, labelled with an enzyme, binds to the primary antibody. The signal is proportional to the amount of bound secondary antibody, providing amplification.
Sandwich ELISA: This method involves immobilizing a capture antibody that binds to the target antigen. The antigen in the sample binds to the capture antibody, and a detection antibody, labelled with an enzyme, forms a sandwich complex. The signal is proportional to the amount of captured antigen, providing high sensitivity…
People usually connect the purchase of a diamond to some of the most important times in one’s life like engagement, wedding or anniversary. Today, with the growing use of the internet, buying diamonds has become easier and for those who do not know how to go about it, there are sites such as Rare Carat that can help. This article details the process of purchasing diamonds from Rare Carat, and discusses the aspects of the site as well as the reasons why it suffices in a largely saturated market.
The Allure of Diamonds
Diamonds from ancient times have always been prized for their sparkle, hardness, and various other qualities and uses. Pertaining to the topic, they are not only beautiful gemstones but they are tokens of love, relationship, and succ…
Thalif Deen
UNITED NATIONS, Feb 1 2006 (IPS) – A survey of more than 50,000 tsunami survivors in five Asian countries has revealed that most of them have been doubly devastated: losing their loved ones in the December 2004 natural disaster, and subsequently having their human rights abused by their own governments.
The five countries Indonesia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, India and the Maldives are accused of discrimination in aid distribution, forced relocation, arbitrary arrests and sexual and gender-based violence.
These governments frequently ignored human rights principles and failed to protect survivors from discrimination, land grabbing and violence , says the five-country study by three non-governmental organisations (NGOs): ActionAid International, People s Movement…
Sabina Zaccaro
ROME, Mar 7 2008 (IPS) – Women have launched a renewed campaign in Italy against a move to overturn the right to abortion.
Women scientists, intellectuals and professionals are asking women to oppose a new clerical assault on women. They are fighting attempts by centre-right politicians and Catholic doctors associations to limit the current abortion law.
The law, upheld in a 1978 referendum, allows abortion in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, and until the 24th week if the mother s life is at risk or if the foetus is seriously malformed.
Its opponents say the law should be restricted in light of medical advances allowing survival of some foetuses born before 24 weeks.
Debate and demonstrations over the law followed a call by Giuliano Fer…
Milagros Salazar
PUERTO OCOPA, Peru, Sep 15 2008 (IPS) – Ashaninka women give birth at home, in accordance with tradition, declares José Ponce, the head of the health committee in Puerto Ocopa, a village of 253 Ashaninka indigenous families deep in the central Peruvian jungle.
Native women prefer to give birth at home. Credit: Milagros Salazar/IPS.
But the Peruvian government is trying to convince indigenous women to give birth in medical facilities, in order to cut maternal and infant mortality rates.
Since 2004, i…
Diana Cariboni
MONTEVIDEO, Nov 11 2008 (IPS) – Uruguayan President Tabaré Vázquez and his cabinet have 10 days to promulgate or veto a bill that would decriminalise abortion in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, which was passed Tuesday by the Senate.
A year ago, in November 2007, the Senate approved the original version of the bill on sexual and reproductive health. On Nov. 5, it barely squeaked through the lower house of Congress, but with slight modifications, which meant it had to clear the Senate again, which it did with 17 of the 30 senators present.
However, socialist President Vázquez of the governing left-wing Broad Front has long announced that he would veto the bill.
For us, the verdict was in on Wednesday Nov. 5, but today marks the start of the …
Lynette Lee Corporal
PATHUM THANI, Thailand, Jul 7 2010 (IPS) – Teenage boys gape at a coloured photograph of a vagina, while girls give embarrassed smiles as they watch a cartoon that showed penises talking about masturbation. Young girls crowd around a display panel about love and relationships, as a boy embraces a female mannequin with all his might in order to measure the strength of his hug.
Kanya D’Almeida interviews DR. BABATUNDE OSOTIMEHIN, executive director of UNFPA
UNITED NATIONS, Feb 3 2011 (IPS) – Before the end of 2011 there will be more humans on earth than in all of the planet s 4.5-billion-year history. As the world steels itself to support its seven billion-strong population, Dr. Babatunde Osotimehin, the new executive director of the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), greets the impending challenges with gusto.
Dr. Babatunde Osotimehin Credit: UN Photo/Eskinder Debebe
Armed with a total budget of close to 900 million dolla…
Sex education is expelled from Egyptian schools. Credit: Victoria Hazou/IPS
UNITED NATIONS, Feb 14 2014 (IPS) – As the world moves closer to the 2015 end mark of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), a new U.N. report illuminates how far global society has come, but also how far it still must travel to achieve its objectives.
The tracks the last two decades of progress on issues such as universal access to family planning, sexual and reproductive health services and reproductive rights, and equal access to education for girls.”This report gives us the leverage to take things to the next level, where women, girls and young people will be central to the next developm…
A man walks through agricultural land in the village of Mirusuvil, in Sri Lanka’s northern Jaffna District. Credit: Amantha Perera/IPS
KILINOCHCHI, Sri Lanka, Oct 3 2014 (IPS) – Gazing out over the parched earth of Sri Lanka’s Northern Province, one might think these farmlands have not seen water in years. In fact, this is not too far from the truth.
The World Food Programme (WFP) last month allocated 2.5 million dollars to assist hundreds of thousands of Sri Lankans in the throes of an 11-month drought that has shown no signs of abating.
